Superconductivity is a phenomenon that occurs when certain solids
are cooled to a certain temperature where the resistance of the solid becomes zero.
This temperature is called the transition temperature which varies from material
to material but is usually below 20K which is -253°C.
The reason why the resistance becomes zero is because the atoms in
the material barely moves in these temperatures making it easy for the movement
of electrons.
In other words, this allows electrical energy to move from one
place to another with perfect efficiency, in fact without any energy loss.
Behavior
of Superconductors
At really low temperatures the electrons in the solids overcome
their repulsion behavior but there come closer together to form what are called
cooper pairs so that it becomes easy for the electrons among the more static
atoms.
In these low temperatures they electrons are with very low energy
levels and the identity of a single electron becomes less certain.
Most of the superconductors found are metals but there are other elements
which can give rise to these characteristics through doping.
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