Mechanism of conduction of electricity through a metallic conductor

Metals are said to be known for the large number of electrons that they hold. Moreover, these electrons move in random directions and therefore the average velocity of these electrons should be notes as zero and since the net flow of elections is zero this tends to say that the current is zero because the current is proportional to the inverse flow of electrons.

When a DC source (Battery) is connected to this metal an electric field is set up and the electrons tent to move towards its positive plate or in other words it can be said as due to the electrostatic force generated the electrons tend to accelerate in the opposite direction of the electric field applied.

Since the metal is tightly packed with atoms and also ions they tend to collide and due to this continuous collision, the average acceleration is said to be xero and the electrons is said to be moving in s constant velocity which is named as the drift velocity.

n	=	Number of charges per unit volume.
e	=	Charge of an electron
Then the total charge for the length,
Q	=	neAd
Since,
Velocity	=	Displacement/time
Vd	=	Drift Velocity
t	=	Time
Current	=	Change in Charge/Time
I	=	Q/t
I	=
Since,
Q	=	neAd
I	=	Q/(d/Vd)
I	=	neAVd
Vd	=	I/(neA)

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